The NTSB was unable to determine the probable cause of the mishap. Frederick Telling, CEO of the . (Photo: Icon Sportswire via Getty Images) A pilot was killed when their. A witness told investigators that the pilot made an abrupt left turn, while maneuvering to land, then the plane appeared to stall, snap roll to the right and dive vertically into the ground.. For instance, airplanes now must demonstrate their airworthiness at racing speeds before the races. Ralph J. Twombly, 70, of Wellsville, New York Flying a North American SNJ-5, registered as N8540Z and nicknamed Mis Behavin", Twombly overtook another plane, a North American SNJ-4, registered as N7404C and flown by Jerry McDonald, and struck its right wing from below at the start of the consolation race about 2 miles west of the airport. On September 16, 2011, at the Reno Air Races, a North American P-51D Mustang flown by James K. "Jimmy" Leeward crashed into spectators, killing the pilot and 10 people on the ground, and injuring 69 others. Spectators and debris are seen after a P-51 Mustang airplane crashed at the Reno Air show on Friday, Sept. 16, 2011, in Reno, Nev. September 12th, 1975: Gordon McCollom, 25, of Costa Mesa, California Occurring fifteen minutes after the crash of Washburn's AT-6, McCollom, a professional gymnast and wing-walker, was hanging under a modified "Super" Stearman PT-17, registered as N121R and piloted by Joe Hughes, to cut a ribbon near the ground. Kevin Roll Miss IndependenceJeff Turney Robin 1Jim Beyer PokyJoe Gano SluggoLachie Onslow Drop BearLarry Labriola SaranceNathan Harnagel Realty CzechPete Stavrides American PatriotPeter A. Zaccagnino Just LuckyRick Vandam American SpiritScott Farnsworth Dash Force OneVicky Benzing Darkstar IIZachary McNeill InvictusPace Plane: Jay Obernolte The MistressAlternate Pilots:Doug MatthewsMichael PflegerMichael StiegerIn the Sport class:Abe Gaskins Under DogAndrew Findlay One MomentBob Mills MojoChiwami Takagi-Read LegacyDan West Whiskey TangoDave Morss Martins LegacyDavid Robinson Desert LightningDavid Sterling No NameElliot Seguin WasabinoughtErnie O. Sutter Jus Passn ThruGeorge Catalano Bigger DingoJames Stringer Rocket SixJason Rovey Sport 76Jeff Lavelle Race 39Jessy Panzer Cruse MissileJim Rust Race 24John Flanagan GreenstreakKarl Grove GA 1Kirk Murphy Papas RideLee Ulrich General LeeLouis Gabriel Blind LuckMarc Frederickson TenacityMathias Haid Clas Thunder IMatt Beaubien Low MotionNeil Wischer Triple 8Olivier Langeard ZebulonPaul Downing Sport 36Peter A. Zaccagnino Coming In HotPeter Balmer Swiss ThunderScott Prewitt Phantom RocketSean Vanhatten HavocSkylor Piper Miss Ruby S.Tom McNerney UnleashedTommy Ishii Yellow FeverVicky Benzing Lucky TooVince Walker Modo MioPace Planes:Bob Mills El ToroRick Vandam PhoenixAlternate Pace Pilots:Kevin EldredgeMark JohnsonMichael StiegerAlternate Pilots:Dan BallinJay AdamsIn the T-6 class:Bill Muszala Miss EllaneousChris LeFave Bare EssentialsChris Rushing Barons RevengeDennis Buehn Midnight Miss IIIEric Woelbing Miss TNTGene McNeely Baby BoomerGreg McNeely UndecidedJohn Lohmar Radial VelocityLee Oman ErosMichael Pfleger Miss InformedNick S. Macy Six-CatPete Stavrides Gotcha!Ralph J. Rina Miss Humboldt HunnyVic McMann GunslingerVitaly Pecherskyy AbracadabraWilliam Walker III Big RedPace Plane: Rick Siegfried T6 PaceAlternate Pilots:Joey Gordo SandersKevin SutterfieldMike ScottRob SanbergIn the Formula One class:Anders Trygg Miss EveCasey Erickson ACME SpecialJason Barksdale Tony the TigerJerry Marshall TumbleweedJim Jordan Miss MinJoseph Clark Sonic ZoomJustin Meaders LimitlessJustin Phillipson No Strings AttachedJustin Phillipson SleeperKent Jackson Once MoreLio V. Mougel HysteriaLowell Slatter Fraed NaughtMatthew Coughlin JudyMerce Marti Heat StrokePaul Newman Fast and EasyPhilip Goforth AnnieRob Michie Sassy SangomaRoss Killin The KrakenRyszard Zadow Last Lap PlayerScott Holmes OutlawSteve Senegal EndeavorSteve Temple OutrageousSteve Tumlin FeistyAlternate Pilot:Swaid RahnIn the Biplane class:Alan Hoover There Be DragonsAndrew Buehler MistressAndrew Buehler PhantomAnthony Oshinuga Black HawkCasey Erickson The BatplaneEric Zine Yellow FeverJeffrey Lo Miss DianneJeff Rose Second HandJohn A. DAlessandris RB SpecialMarie-Claire Laberge The Yellow BomberRobert Austen FReaKYSam Swift Smokin HotScott McDonald Christen EagleTommy Suell PlaneJunkiesTony Minoru Higa Tango TangoAlternate Pilots:Brian HooverKevin HarperScott ThomsonRARA, Reno Air Races, Reno Air Races 2018, Reno Air Races Formula One, Reno Formula One, Air Racing, airplane, plane, aerospace, national championship air races, piper, cessna, cirrus, bombardier, embraer, boeing, lockheed, dpair corp, eaa, air venture, red bull air races, comac, raytheon, northrop grumman, nasa, aerobatic planes, voodoo, dreadnaught, experimental plane, race planes, biplane, monoplane, raptor aircraft, long eze, cassult, biplane, honda jet [14][15] This aircraft (having been renamed to Voodoo) was in attendance at the 2011 race and was nearby at the time of the accident. The video has since been removed from the Reno Air Races YouTube page. Particularly, the right trim tab had been fixed in place. [7], From 1964 through 2010, 19 aviators lost their lives due to crashes and collisions in the course of the competition and airshow. The Reno Air Races, officially known as the National Championship Air Races, is a multi-day event tailored to the aviation community that takes place each September at the Reno Stead Airport a. One witness told investigators that the airplane began a shallow porpoise just before. Re: Reno Air Races Crash #23467951 BY GalaxyFlyer - Mon Sep 19, 2022 3:30 pm Elsewhere, the speculation is on G-induced loss of consciousness. The NTSB found the modifications had made the aircraft lighter and reduced drag, but decreased stability, creating evidence of extreme stress on the airframe - demonstrated by buckling of the fuselage aft of the wing and gaps appearing between the fuselage and the canopy during flight. He was 61. Hersman. The Reno Air Races include two and a half days of qualifying, followed by four and a half days of multi-aircraft heat racing, culminating in the Unlimited Class Gold Race on Sunday afternoon. When the airplanes reached the staging area, Twombly appeared to move back into position, but the pilot over-corrected the alignment and struck N7404C. [4] The aircraft hit the apron at over 400 miles per hour (640km/h) in front of the grandstands in an area containing box seating, disintegrating on impact. Aircraft in the Unlimited class, which consists almost entirely of modified and stock World War II fighters, routinely reach speeds in excess of 400miles per hour. Without the coordinated efforts and incredible skill of the first . On Sunday night, the Reno Air Racing Association confirmed that a "fatal incident" occurred during the third lap of the event's Jet Gold Race and races for the remainder of the event, which were set to end Sunday, were canceled. Only the pilot was aboard the plane. Re: Reno Air Races Crash #23468139 The Czech-built Aero Vodochody L-39 was banking along with other jets on the third lap of the race when Hogue's plane began descending toward terrain, seemingly under control and in a . During the landing the plane's longer propeller, modified for racing, clipped the runway surface, causing the plane to drift off the edge of the runway, collapsing part of the landing gear but causing only minor injuries to the pilot, Dr. Cliff Cummins.[13]. CNN . The program is being administered by Kenneth Feinberg who administered funds for victims of the 9/11 terrorist attacks and the BP Deepwater Horizon disaster. : Errol Johnstad, 48, of West Berlin, East Germany - Flying a Mercer Owl Racer 65-2 Formula One, registered as N5JG and nicknamed "Harvey's Wallbanger", crashed from an altitude of 40 feet during the fourth lap of a practice flight at, 2:30 pm. In addition to the 11 people killed at the Reno races, five performers died at air shows elsewhere last year. "There will be an investigation conducted by the NTSB (National Transportation Safety Board) and the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration.) No other planes were involved and no one else was injured, Telling said. The fourth airplane was just turning onto the base leg at this time. RELATED: Hurricane Fiona Causes Entire Island of Puerto Rico to Lose Power. But when it affects the public thats a different story., First-time visitor Perry Paulazzo, a disaster restoration business owner from Santa Fe, New Mexico, agrees. The closer the better, he said but he also understands why the race organizers had to make the changes. The single-engine plane crashed onto the field and erupted in flames during the championship round on the final day of the Reno Air Races, according to officials and video from the scene. The FAA said in its preliminary statement that neither it nor the NTSB identifies people involved in aircraft accidents. The NTSB determined the probable cause of this crash to be oil starvation and connecting rod failure in the right engine, and a resultant fuel fed fire. Steve Dari of Southern California, a former Navy fighter pilot, died in a crash after the engine failed on his Rose Peregrine RP-5 biplane. During the air race, a single-pilot Aero Vodochody L-29 airplane collided with the ground resulting in the pilot's death. It is difficult for trained pilots to remain conscious with even 5 Gs, the NTSB has said. At the first pylon, the Owl entered a left bank as Hubler passed it on the outside and below. September 16th 1978: Dr. Dimitry V. Prian, 40, of Long Beach, California, and Don DeWalt, 40, of El Monte, California - Prian, flying North American SNJ-4, registered as N7038C and nicknamed The Fertile Turtle, and DeWalt, flying North American AT-6, registered as N74DW and nicknamed Exorcist Jr., collided at 2:36 in the afternoon at one of the race's pylons. 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; Unlimited race planes are generally modified World War II era fighter planes, some of which can fly at nearly 500 miles per hour. The NTSB determined the probable cause of this crash to be the over speed of the modified racing engine during takeoff that created an oil mist on the exhaust and smoke, and the pilot's failure to maintain a speed above stall speed (Vs) during his attempted emergency landing. appreciated. appreciated. Lyle Setter/Icon Sportswire via Getty A plane at the Reno Air Races in 2018. The investigation report, released in August 2012, found that the probable cause of the crash was reused single-use locknuts in the left elevator trim tab system that loosened. In another case capturing nationwide attention, CaseyGerry obtained settlements of $9.5 million for victims of the Reno Air Show catastrophe, which stemmed from the crash of a World War II-era P-51D Mustang fighter plane - known as "The Galloping Ghost" - during the 2011 air races at Reno/Stead Airport . This pilot put a screw through there to fix it in position, and when you do that, he lost redundancy. Hubler was then ahead of Somes as he continued to bank around the pylon. He rounded pylon number 8 when the airplane abruptly pitched up, rolled inverted, stalled, then pitched down. The plane involved a single-engine Aero L-29 Delfn crashed around 3:45 p.m. local time behind a residential area in Reno, the FAA said in a preliminary statement. He rounded pylon number 8 when the airplane abruptly pitched up, rolled inverted, stalled, then pitched down. "We can confirm that during the Jet Gold Race on the third lap there was a fatal incident at Outer Pylon 5 today," the Reno Air Racing Association wrote in a statement shared on social media. The NTSB found the probable cause of this accident to the pilot-in-command's misjudgment of clearance from the pylon. (function() { The plane plunged into the stands at the event in what an . Hersman said the NTSB made its recommendations in April to give the Reno Air Racing Association time to implement the changes for this years race. Veteran pilot Steve Hinton, who was part of the race associations expert panel, watched last years accident unfold and commended the changes. The NTSB determined the probable cause of this crash to be the overload failure of the horizontal stabilizers and elevators due to a pilot induced oscillation at a speed at or above Vne (300 knots), which exceeded the design stress limits of the structure. With two planes successfully landing, a third airplane was on final, closing on the airplane ahead, when the pilot elected to do a left 360-degree turn and reenter the landing pattern. You have put all the eggs in the basket of hoping the left elevator will not fail. In this position, it would have been very difficult for the pilot of the Owl, Jason Somes, to see the Cassutt. Thanks for contacting us. Air racing is billed as 'the world's fastest motor sport' and Reno is one of the few remaining venues. A pilot died during the Air Races in Reno, Nevada, when the plane he was flying crashed mid-race. No other people were harmed, officials said. [8] The wings had been clipped a further 3ft (0.9m) each side on top of the 4ft (1.2m) reduction in span earlier in its life. [2][3][4], Begun in 1964, the Reno Air Races feature multi-lap, multi-aircraft races among extremely high performance aircraft on closed ovoid courses which range between about 3 miles (4.8km) (Biplanes and Formula One) and about 8 miles (13km) (Jet, Unlimited) in length per lap. The Reno Air Race Association made several changes ahead of this years event to improve safety, as recommended by the federal safety board and the associations own expert panel. According to race control authorities, Speer pulled up off the race course and transmitted a "Mayday" distress call, and indicated the airplane's windscreen was covered with oil and he could not see. Soon thereafter, races resumed with aircraft once again crisscrossing the skies. [12][13][14][15] Race organizers cancelled all remaining 2011 races after the accident. One witness told investigators that the airplane began a shallow porpoise just before. Reno Air Race Crash. [9], On September 18, 1970, the airplane (then known as Miss Candace) crashed while attempting an emergency landing caused by an engine failure during that year's Reno Air Races at Reno-Stead Airport. This is classic, cool and contemporary all rolled into one. The five-day Reno Air Races features six classes of race planes, some acrobatic performances and flights by military demonstration teams. A pilot was killed when their plane crashed into the ground during an annual air race championship in Nevada on Sunday afternoon, authorities said. The NTSB determined the probable cause of this collision was the failure of the pilots of both aircraft to maintain an adequate visual lookout and clearance from one another during a low altitude aerial race. [16], A custom built race plane named "Sweet Dreams" crashed on the course during qualifying for a Sport Class heat race on September 8, 2014, killing the pilot, Lee Behel. : William Bill Speer, 48, of La Mesa, California Flying a North American P-51D, registered as N51U, the pilot collided with level terrain while approaching runway 8 at the Reno-Stead Airport during the in qualification heats at 1:17 in the afternoon. Reno Air Racing Association (@RenoAirRaces) September 18, 2022 witness stated that he heard the aircraft backfire twice, and then dive at a 45 degree angle into the ground. Reflecting on the "devastating blow" that last year's crash dealt to the Reno "air race family," Reno Air Racing Association President and CEO Mike Houghton talked about the. A pilot died during the Air Races in Reno, Nevada, when the plane he was flying crashed mid-race. : Errol Roberson, 49, of Warrenton, Oregon - Flying a Miller Special JM-2 Formula One, registered as N74M and nicknamed "Puffin", at a speed of over 250 miles per hour, he crashed after being caught in a dust devil during the Friday race. The plane involved a single-engine Aero L-29 Delfn crashed around 3:45 p.m. local time behind a residential area in Reno, the FAA said in a preliminary statement. The Stearman's rudder ripped off before Hughes could climb again, roll upright, and land the airplane. Warning: Video and a photo below depict crashes at the event, which may be disturbing for some readers. Witnesses stated this airplane, flown by Roberts, started a turn to the right and the nose of the airplane went up, then immediately rolled, and entered a nearly vertical, rolling dive, crashing into the desert back yard of a residence. The aerial event, first held in 1964, lauds itself as the worlds fastest motor sport, with participants flying at speeds that can exceed 500 mph. : Gordon McCollom, 25, of Costa Mesa, California Occurring fifteen minutes after the crash of Washburn's AT-6, McCollom, a professional gymnast and wing-walker, was hanging under a modified "Super" Stearman PT-17, registered as N121R and piloted by Joe Hughes, to cut a ribbon near the ground. That crash was blamed on aged plane components, high speed and undocumented and untested modifications that had been made to the aircraft. Your effort and contribution in providing this feedback is much The NTSB determined the probable cause of this crash to be Speer's failure to maintain aircraft control during an attempted forced landing, and contributing factors were the failure of a propeller blade-feathering oil seal which leaked oil on the windshield, obscuring the pilot's vision. Suddenly, the Super Stearman dropped too close to the runway in what one official called a freakish downdraft, and the plane's tail hit the ground, and causing McCollom to scrape the top of his head on the concrete runway during the finale of his performance, killing him instantly. The Reno Air Races, officially known as the National Championship Air Races, is a multi-day event tailored to the aviation community that takes place each September at the Reno Stead Airport a few miles north of Reno, Nevada. While the pilot has not yet been identified, Telling said the Reno Air Racing Association and the "September family" of people who attend the annual event "express our deepest sympathies to the pilot's family and friends," according to NBC News. Telling said Sunday that the jet was in the final race for the jet class at the event Sunday when it crashed during the race's third lap, according to NBC News. September 14th, 1979: Fred Wofford, 41, of Reno, Nevada - Flying a Schultz SL-1 midget racer, registered as N9SL and nicknamed Proud Bird, he crashed at the pylon #1 turn during the International Formula Midget preliminary heat race. "No names will be released until notification of next of kin.". The plane involved a single-engine Aero L-29 Delfn crashed around 3:45 p.m. local time behind a residential area in Reno, the FAA said in a preliminary statement. [17] A photograph taken just before the crash showed the airplane inverted and part of the left elevator trim tab missing. The single-engine plane crashed onto the field and. And it did fail.. : Gary Hubler, 52, of Caldwell, Idaho The champion of the Formula 1 class of the Reno Air Races from 2002 through 2006, he was flying a Tuttle Cassutt IIIM, registered as N11XR and nicknamed Mariah, as part of a scattered start, meaning the planes all departed, performed a teardrop pattern, and returned to start the race. This has been the United States' deadliest air race disaster. As Brickert was maneuvering east bound at the apex of his climb in the vicinity of the home pylon abeam the numbers/north of Runway 26 , a puff of smoke about the size of the aircraft was observed from the area of the right engine. An emotional memorial ceremony was held around noon Sunday (3 p.m. The NTSB was unable to determine the probable cause of the mishap. The Owl pitched up and Somes performed an emergency landing on the right side of runway 14. The airframe broke up, killing Levitz. The Washoe County Sheriff's Office did not immediately respond to PEOPLE's request for comment Monday. September 15th 1987: Errol Johnstad, 48, of West Berlin, East Germany - Flying a Mercer Owl Racer 65-2 Formula One, registered as N5JG and nicknamed "Harvey's Wallbanger", crashed from an altitude of 40 feet during the fourth lap of a practice flight at 2:30 pm. var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; [21][22], In 2012, the NTSB released seven safety recommendations to be applied to future air races. The modifications had made the aircraft lighter and reduced drag but decreased stability. that Twombly misjudged the distance between his and the other airplane, and that his diverted attention to the start of the air race is a factor in this accident. . Seven people, including the pilot, died at the crash site;[5] four died later in the hospital. As the airplane started to descend, Dari appeared to attempt to turn left in order to land on a crossing runway, Runway 32, but during the turn the airplane appeared to stall and descend into the terrain, killing him on impact. This is the second deadly crash since 2011 at the Reno event. The NTSB found the modifications had made the aircraft lighter and reduced drag, but decreased stability, creating evidence of extreme stress on the airframe - demonstrated by buckling of the fuselage aft of the wing and gaps appearing between the fuselage and the canopy during flight. Also causal was the intentional alteration by an unknown person or persons of the elevator down spring assembly, which likely reduced the stick force per G from a nominal 10 pounds to less than 1, and led to the pilot induced oscillation. Since the accident, several victims and family members have filed suit, one alleging that the crash was not a freak accident, but was the predictable result of a reckless drive for speed by a risk taking pilot and crew, coupled with an insatiable drive for profit by race organizers. [10][11], On September 16, 2011, a heavily modified P-51D Mustang named "The Galloping Ghost," piloted by Jimmy Leeward, crashed near the stands during the Gold Heat of the race, killing Leeward and ten spectators, and injuring 69. The NTSB determined the probable cause of this crash to be the over speed of the modified racing engine during takeoff that created an oil mist on the exhaust and smoke, and the pilot's failure to maintain a speed above stall speed (Vs) during his attempted emergency landing. : Steve Dari, 52, of Lemon Grove, California - Flying a Rose Peregrine experimental biplane, registered as N13NG, it was just after takeoff on Runway 08 during a test flight, as the airplane reached an altitude of about 80 feet above the runway, the smoke started coming from the lower part of the engine cowling, and the airplane's propeller stopped turning. Wake up to the day's most important news. One plane known as Strega another modified P-51 like the one Leeward crashed ran a qualifying heat of 493 miles per hour. A livestream of the air races captured the moment of the deadly crash and the stream went dead moments later. : Dr. Dimitry V. Prian, 40, of Long Beach, California, and Don DeWalt, 40, of El Monte, California - Prian, flying North American SNJ-4, registered as N7038C and nicknamed The Fertile Turtle, and DeWalt, flying North American AT-6, registered as N74DW and nicknamed Exorcist Jr., collided at 2:36 in the afternoon at one of the race's pylons. Part of HuffPost News. Then, the Owl and the Cassutt collided just after 9:30 in the morning, and the Cassutt rolled and impacted the ground, killing Hubler. The pilot, Bob "Hurricane" Hannah, reported that the airplane pitched up, subjecting him to more than 10 g and knocking him unconscious. *Hat Tip*Alexandre Eckmann - 37 - Race 37 - L38 Albatros - N139PJNathan Harnagel - 13 - Reality Czech - L39 Albatros - N139UKOriginal Race Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ScQcGnAPkeYCredit to Reno Air Race Association https://airrace.orgFollow RARA on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/RenoAirRacingAssociationNational Championship Air Races / Reno Air Race AssociationJet Heat (2B) 09-13-2018In the Jet class:Alexandre Eckmann Race 37Bob McCormack AthenaCharlie Camilleri Blue IceJ. When you get to know some of the people involved watching becomes more fun, you're rooting for . 2011 Reno Air Races crash On September 16, 2011, The Galloping Ghost, a highly modified North American P-51D Mustang racing aircraft, crashed into spectators while competing at the Reno Air Races in Reno, Nevada, killing the pilot, James K. "Jimmy" Leeward, and ten people on the ground. Its 37-foot wingspan had been reduced to 29 feet. Did you encounter any technical issues? A short time later, the victims names were read out again with a white balloon released into the air for each one. The NTSB said major modifications to the aircraft, intended to make the plane faster, contributed to the accident. RENO, Nev. - Spectators and racers paid tribute Sunday to 11 people who were killed when a plane crashed into box seats at last year's Reno National Championship Air Races. September 17th, 1972: Herman E. Tommy Thomas, 50, of Sacramento, California flying his self-built BTS biplane, registered as N70TT and nicknamed Mis' Q crashed during a race at 11:45 in the morning. The NTSB determined the probable cause of the accident was the plane's structural failure when design stress limits were exceeded after encountering this hazardous meteorological condition. September 18th, 1994: Ralph J. Twombly, 70, of Wellsville, New York Flying a North American SNJ-5, registered as N8540Z and nicknamed Mis Behavin", Twombly overtook another plane, a North American SNJ-4, registered as N7404C and flown by Jerry McDonald, and struck its right wing from below at the start of the consolation race about 2 miles west of the airport. A. Leeward took the plane to 530mph (460kn; 850km/h) during the race, about 40mph (35kn; 64km/h) faster than he had gone previously. Sixty-nine more people on the ground were injured. North American P-51D-25-NA "Deja Vu" ("Race 56"), N51U (ex-44-74204), piloted by William A. Speer Jr., suffered a propeller failure and crashed during the Reno Air Races, killing Speer. Discovery Company. Excitement, speed key to air racings appeal and risk, Stunt pilot Jimmy Leeward built his life around love of flight. The Galloping Ghost was a highly modified former fighter plane that had come out of retirement the previous year after undergoing major modifications, including removal of the underbelly radiator and installation of a "boil-off" cooling system, as well as other modifications that the owner described as designed to make the plane more efficient. During the 2011 Reno Air Races, James Leeward and The Galloping Ghost were in third place and had just rounded pylon number 8 when the aircraft abruptly pitched up, rolled inverted, then nosedived. They concluded the probable cause of the crash were reused single-use locknuts in the left elevator trim tab system that loosened, causing a fatigue crack in an attachment screw and allowed the trim tab to flutter - which caused the trim tab link assembly to fail - exposing the pilot to a force estimated to be around 17Gs - that led to loss of control of the aircraft. They concluded the probable cause of the crash were reused single-use locknuts in the left elevator trim tab system that loosened, causing a fatigue crack in an attachment screw and allowed the trim tab to flutter - which caused the trim tab link assembly to fail - exposing the pilot to a force estimated to be around 17Gs - that led to loss of control of the aircraft.
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